LaTeX \ <ASCII> Commands

LaTeX uses backslash+ASCII printable character combination to provide some quick commands.

\<ASCII> Commands

The typical \<ASCII> Commands are

DEC	Description of printable ASCII characters except 127	LaTeX \ Commands	Remarks
32	Space	\	ordinary space after period
33	Exclamation mark	\!	math mode: negative thin space = 1/6 quad
34	Double quotes (or speech marks)	\"	makes an umlau. e.g. ä, ë.
35	Number	\#, reserved character	prints a pound sign #
36	Dollar	\$, reserved character	prints a dollar sign $
37	Procenttecken	\%, reserved character	prints a percent sign %
38	Ampersand	\&, reserved character	prints an ampersand &
39	Single quote	\'	makes an acute accent. e.g. á, é. tabbing env.: moves current column to the right of the previous column.
40	Open parenthesis (or open bracket)	\(	mode control: start math mode. Same as \begin{math} or $
41	Close parenthesis (or close bracket)	\)	mode control: end math mode. Same as \end{math} or $
42	Asterisk	\*	a soft optional multiplication line break by joining with a multiplication sign.
43	Plus	\+	tabbing env.: moves left margin to the right by one tab stop. Begin tabbed line
44	Comma	\,	text/math mode: thin space=1/6quad.
45	Hyphen	\-	soft optional hyphenation. tabbing env.: moves left margin to the left by one tab stop.
46	Period, dot or full stop	\.	puts a dot accent over a letter. e.g. ȧ, ė.
47	Slash or divide	\/	inserts italics adjustment space.
48	Zero	0 N/A	N/A
49	One	1 N/A	N/A
50	Two	2 N/A	N/A
51	Three	3 N/A	N/A
52	Four	4 N/A	N/A
53	Five	5 N/A	N/A
54	Six	6 N/A	N/A
55	Seven	7 N/A	N/A
56	Eight	8 N/A	N/A
57	Nine	9 N/A	N/A
58	Colon	\:	math mode: medium space = 2/9 quad
59	Semicolon	\;	math mode: thick space = 5/18 quad
60	Less than (or open angled bracket)	\<	tabbing env.: puts text to left of local left margin.
61	Equals	\=	makes a macron accent. e.g. ā, ē. tabbing env.: sets a tab stop.
62	Greater than (or close angled bracket)	\>	math made: medium space = 2/9 quad. tabbing env.: inserts a forward tab
63	Question mark	? N/A	N/A
64	At SYM	\@	declares the period that follows is to be a sentence-ending period.
65	Uppercase A	A N/A	N/A
66	Uppercase B	B N/A	N/A
67	Uppercase C	C N/A	N/A
68	Uppercase D	D N/A	N/A
69	Uppercase E	E N/A	N/A
70	Uppercase F	F N/A	N/A
71	Uppercase G	G N/A	N/A
72	Uppercase H	\H	makes a long Hungarian umlaut or double acute accent, e.g. ő, ű.
73	Uppercase I	I N/A	N/A
74	Uppercase J	J N/A	N/A
75	Uppercase K	K N/A	N/A
76	Uppercase L	\L	prints a capital letter L with stroke, Ł.
77	Uppercase M	M N/A	N/A
78	Uppercase N	N N/A	N/A
79	Uppercase O	\O	prints a capital letter O with stroke, Ø.
80	Uppercase P	\P	prints a pilcrow or paragraph mark, ¶.
81	Uppercase Q	Q N/A	N/A
82	Uppercase R	R N/A	N/A
83	Uppercase S	\S	prints a section sign, §.
84	Uppercase T	T N/A	N/A
85	Uppercase U	U N/A	N/A
86	Uppercase V	V N/A	N/A
87	Uppercase W	W N/A	N/A
88	Uppercase X	X N/A	N/A
89	Uppercase Y	Y N/A	N/A
90	Uppercase Z	Z N/A	N/A
91	Opening bracket	\[	same as \begin{displaymath} or $$ .
92	Backslash	\\ Reserved Character	terminates a line.
93	Closing bracket	\]	same as \end{displaymath} or $$ .
94	Caret - circumflex	\^ Reserved Character	makes a circumflex. e.g. â, ê.
95	Underscore	\_ Reserved Character	prints an underscore _
96	Grave accent	\`	makes an grave accent. e.g. à, è. tabbing env.: moves all text which follows (up to \\ ) to the right margin.
97	Lowercase a	\a	tabbing env.: activates an accent mode, e.g. \a'=\'
98	Lowercase b	\b	makes a bar below accent. e.g. ḇ, ḏ.
99	Lowercase c	\c	makes a cedilla. e.g. ç, ȩ.
100	Lowercase d	\d	makes a dot below accent. e.g. ạ, ẹ.
101	Lowercase e	e N/A	N/A
102	Lowercase f	f N/A	N/A
103	Lowercase g	g N/A	N/A
104	Lowercase h	h N/A	N/A
105	Lowercase i	\i	prints a small letter dotless I, ı.
106	Lowercase j	\j	prints a small letter dotless J, ȷ.
107	Lowercase k	k N/A	N/A
108	Lowercase l	\l	prints a small letter L with stroke, ł
109	Lowercase m	m N/A	N/A
110	Lowercase n	n N/A	N/A
111	Lowercase o	\o	prints a small letter o with stroke, ø.
112	Lowercase p	p N/A	N/A
113	Lowercase q	q N/A	N/A
114	Lowercase r	\r	prints a ring above, e.g. å, ů.
115	Lowercase s	s N/A	N/A
116	Lowercase t	\t	prints a tie-after accent.
117	Lowercase u	\u	prints a breve accent, e.g. ă, ĕ.
118	Lowercase v	v	prints a caron háček or haček, e.g. ǎ, ě.
119	Lowercase w	w N/A	N/A
120	Lowercase x	x N/A	N/A
121	Lowercase y	y N/A	N/A
122	Lowercase z	z N/A	N/A
123	Opening brace	\{ Reserved Character	prints a curly left brace {.
124	Vertical bar	\| Reserved Character	math mode: print a double vertical line ‖
125	Closing brace	\} Reserved Character	prints a curly right brace }.
126	Equivalency sign - tilde	\~ Reserved Character	makes a tilde. e.g. ã, ẽ.
127	Delete	N/A	N/A

\<ASCII> Command Examples

Example \ , \!, \", \#, \%, \&

Examples of LaTeX commands, \ , \!, \", \#, \%, \&.

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
l H\par l{\color{red}\textbackslash\textvisiblespace}H\par l,{\color{red}\textbackslash\textvisiblespace}H\par l.{\color{red}\textbackslash\textvisiblespace}H\par l, H\par l. H & l H\par l\ H\par l,\ H\par l.\ H\par l, H\par l. H & $l H$\par $l\ H$\par $l,\ H$\par $l.\ H$\par $l, H$\par $l. H$\\
\rs\$HH\$\par\$H{\color{red}\textbackslash!}H\$ & & $HH$\par$H\!H$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash"H} & H\"H\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\#} & H\# & $H\#$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\$} & H\$ & $H\$$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\%} & H\% & $H\%$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\&} & H\& & $H\&$\\\rs
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Example \', \(, \), \*, \+

Examples of LaTeX commands, \', \(, \), \*, \+

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash'H}\par\textbackslash begin\{tabtest\}\par2.\textbackslash>{\color{red}a.\textbackslash'}a\textbackslash>b\par\textbackslash end\{tabtest\}\textbackslash\textbackslash & H\'H\begin{tabtest}2.\>a.\'a\>b\>\end{tabtest}&\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash(}H{\color{red}\textbackslash)} & H\(H\) & $\simeq$H$H$\par $\simeq$H\begin{math}H\end{math}\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash*}aHHH{\color{red}\textbackslash*}aHHH & H\*aHHH\*aHHH & $H\*aHHH\*aHHH$\\\rs
\ \par\textbackslash begin\{tabtest\}\par{\color{red}\textbackslash+}2.\textbackslash>a\textbackslash>b{\color{red}\textbackslash+}\textbackslash \textbackslash\par3.\textbackslash>{\color{red}\textbackslash+}a\textbackslash\textbackslash\par4.\par\textbackslash end\{tabtest\} & \begin{tabtest}\+2.\>a\>b\+\\3.\>\+a\\4.\end{tabtest}&\\\rs
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Example \,, \-, \., \/, \:

Examples of LaTeX commands, \,, \-, \., \/, \:

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
HH\par H{\color{red}\textbackslash,}H & HH\par H\,H & $HH$\par$H\,H$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash-}aHaHH{\color{red}\textbackslash-}aH & H\-aHaHH\-aH & $H\-aHaHH\-aH$\\
\ \par\textbackslash begin\{tabtest\}\par\textbackslash+2.\textbackslash>a\textbackslash>b\textbackslash+\textbackslash \textbackslash\par3.\textbackslash>{\color{red}\textbackslash-}a\textbackslash\textbackslash\par4.\par\textbackslash end\{tabtest\} & \begin{tabtest}\+2.\>a\>b\+\\3.\>\-a\\4.\end{tabtest}&\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash.}H & H\.H\\\rs
\{\textbackslash itshape H\}H\par\{\textbackslash itshape H\}{\color{red}\textbackslash/}H & {\itshape H}H\par{\itshape H}\/H & $H\textrm{H}$\par$H\/\textrm{H}$\\\rs
\$HH\$\par\$H{\color{red}\textbackslash:}H\$ & & $HH$\par$H\:H$\\\rs
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Example \;, \<, \=

Examples of LaTeX commands, \;, \<, \=

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
\$HH\$\par\$H{\color{red}\textbackslash;}H\$ & & $HH$\par$H\;H$\\\rs
\ \par\textbackslash begin\{tabtest\}\par\textbackslash+2.\textbackslash>a\textbackslash>b\textbackslash+\textbackslash \textbackslash\par{\color{red}\textbackslash<}3.\textbackslash>\textbackslash-a\textbackslash\textbackslash\par4.\par\textbackslash end\{tabtest\} & \begin{tabtest}\+2.\>a\>b\+\\\<3.\>\-a\\4.\end{tabtest}&\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash=}H\par\textbackslash begin\{tabbing\}\par\textbackslash hspace*\{9mm\}{\color{red}\textbackslash=}\par\textbackslash hspace*\{9mm\}{\color{red}\textbackslash=}\par\textbackslash hspace*\{9mm\}{\color{red}\textbackslash=}\par\textbackslash hspace*\{9mm\}\textbackslash kill 1.\textbackslash>a\textbackslash>b\textbackslash>c\par\textbackslash end\{tabbing\} & H\=H\begin{tabbing}\hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\=\hspace*{9mm}\=\hspace*{9mm}\kill 1.\>a\>b\>c\end{tabbing}\\\rs\par
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Example \>, \@, \H, \L, \O, \P, \S

Examples of LaTeX commands, \>, \@, \H, \L, \O, \P, \S

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
\$HH\$\par\$H{\color{red}\textbackslash>}H\$\par &  & $HH$\par$H\>H$\\
\textbackslash begin\{tabtest\}\par1.{\color{red}\textbackslash>}a{\color{red}\textbackslash>}b{\color{red}\textbackslash>}c\par\textbackslash end\{tabtest\} & \begin{tabtest}1.\>a\>b\>c\end{tabtest}\\\rs
H, H\par H. H\par h. H\par H{\color{red}\textbackslash@.} H\par H.\textbackslash\ H & H, H\par H. H\par h. H\par H\@. H\par H.\ H\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash H\{H\}} & H\H{H}\\\rs
L{\color{red}\textbackslash L} & L\L\\\rs
O{\color{red}\textbackslash O} & O\O\\\rs
P{\color{red}\textbackslash P} & P\P & $P\P$\\\rs
S{\color{red}\textbackslash S} & S\S & $S\S$\\\rs
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Example \[, \\, \]

Examples of LaTeX commands, \[, \\, \]

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash[}H\textbackslash] & H\[H\] & $\simeq$H$$H$$\par $\simeq$H\begin{displaymath}H\end{displaymath}\\\rs
new{\color{red}\textbackslash\textbackslash} line = & new\\line\\\rs
H\textbackslash[H{\color{red}\textbackslash]} & H\[H\] & $\simeq$H$$H$$\par $\simeq$H\begin{displaymath}H\end{displaymath}\\\rs
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Example \^, \_, \`, \a

Examples of LaTeX commands, \^, \_, \`, \a

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\textasciicircum} H & H\^H\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\_} & H\_ & $H\_$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash`}H\par\textbackslash begin\{tabtest\}\par1.\textbackslash>{\color{red}\textbackslash`a}\par\textbackslash end\{tabtest\} & H\`H\begin{tabtest}1.\>\`a\\\end{tabtest}\\\rs
H,{\color{red}\textbackslash a`H},{\color{red}\textbackslash a'H},{\color{red}\textbackslash a\textasciicircum H},\par{\color{red}\textbackslash a"H},{\color{red}\textbackslash a=H},\par{\color{red}\textbackslash a\{b\}\{H\}},\par{\color{red}\textbackslash a\{H\}\{H\}}\par\textbackslash begin\{tabtest\}\par1.\textbackslash >{\color{red}\textbackslash a`H},{\color{red}\textbackslash a'H}, {\color{red}\textbackslash a=H},{\color{red}\textbackslash a\textasciicircum H},{\color{red}\textbackslash\textasciicircum H}\textbackslash\textbackslash\par\textbackslash end\{tabtest\} & H,\a`H,\a'H,\a^H,\par\par\a"H,\a=H,\par\a{b}{H},\par\a{H}{H}\begin{tabtest}1.\>\a`H,\a'H,\a=H,\a^H,\^H\\\end{tabtest}\\\rs
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Example \b, \c, \d, \i, \j, \l, \o, \r, \t, \u, \v, \{, \|, \}, \~

Examples of LaTeX commands, \b, \c, \d, \i, \j, \l, \o, \r, \t, \u, \v, \{, \|, \}, \~

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{setspace}
\newcommand\rs{\hline\noalign{\vskip 0.2em}}
\newcommand\rqs{\noalign{\vskip -0.2em}}
\newenvironment{tabtest} {\setlength{\topsep}{0mm}\setlength{\partopsep}{0mm}\begin{tabbing} \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm}\= \hspace*{9mm} \kill \textsc{\textbf {111}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {222}}  \>\textsc{\textbf {333}}   \>\textsc{\textbf {444}} \\ 1.a\>a\>b\>c\\}{\end{tabbing} }  
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{0.22\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{.15\textwidth}}
\LaTeX\ command & text mode & math mode\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash b\{H\}} & H\b{H} & $H\b{H}$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash c\{H\}} & H\c{H} & $H\c{H}$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash d\{H\}} & H\d{H} & $H\d{H}$\\\rs
i{\color{red}\textbackslash i} & i\i & $i\i$\\\rs
j{\color{red}\textbackslash j} & j\j & $j\j$\\\rs
l{\color{red}\textbackslash l} & l\l\\\rs
o{\color{red}\textbackslash o} & o\o\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash r\{H\}} & H\r{H}\\\rs
H,{\color{red}\textbackslash t\{Ho\}}, {\color{red}\textbackslash t\{oH\}},{\color{red}\textbackslash t\{H\}}o, {\color{red}\textbackslash t\{o\}}H & H,\t{Ho},\t{oH},\t{H}o,\t{o}H\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash u\{H\}} & H\u{H}\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash v\{H\}} & H\v{H}\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\{} & H\{ & $H\{$\\\rs
\$H{\color{red}\textbackslash\textbar}\$ &  & $H\|$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\}} & H\} & $H\}$\\\rs
H{\color{red}\textbackslash\textasciitilde\{H\}} & H\~{H}\\\rs
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

Output

Source and Reference

• http://tug.ctan.org/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf
• https://www.rpi.edu/dept/arc/training/latex/LaTeX_symbols.pdf
• https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-3-319-06425-3%2F1.pdf
• http://www.icl.utk.edu/~mgates3/docs/latex.pdf
• https://www.bu.edu/math/files/2013/08/LongTeX1.pdf
• https://www.ntg.nl/doc/biemesderfer/ltxcrib.pdf