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Unicode Characters: Spacing Modifier LettersDecimalCharHexRemarkUnicodeGroup ʰʰʰ•aspiration≈<super> 0068 hU+02B0Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʱʱʱ•breathy voiced, murmured→0266 ɦ latin small letter h with hook→0324 ◌̤ combining diaeresis below≈<super> 0266 ɦU+02B1Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʲʲʲ•palatalization→0321 ◌̡ combining palatalized hook below≈<super> 006A jU+02B2Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʳʳʳ≈<super> 0072 rU+02B3Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʴʴʴ→0279 ɹ latin small letter turned r≈<super> 0279 ɹU+02B4Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʵʵʵ→027B ɻ latin small letter turned r with hook≈<super> 027B ɻU+02B5Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʶʶʶ•preceding four used for r-coloring or r-offglides→0281 ʁ latin letter small capital inverted r≈<super> 0281 ʁU+02B6Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʷʷʷ•labialization→032B ◌̫ combining inverted double arch below≈<super> 0077 wU+02B7Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʸʸʸ•palatalization•common Americanist usage for 02B2 ʲ≈<super> 0079 yU+02B8Latin Superscript Modifier Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʹʹʹ•primary stress, emphasis•transliteration of mjagkij znak (Cyrillic soft sign: palatalization)•transliteration of Hebrew geresh→0027 ' apostrophe→00B4 ´ acute accent→02CA ˊ modifier letter acute accent→0301 ◌́ combining acute accent→0374 ʹ greek numeral sign→05F3 ׳ hebrew punctuation geresh→2032 ′ primeU+02B9Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʺʺʺ•exaggerated stress, contrastive stress•transliteration of tverdyj znak (Cyrillic hard sign: no palatalization)→0022 " quotation mark→030B ◌̋ combining double acute accent→2033 ″ double primeU+02BAMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʻʻʻ•typographical alternate for 02BD ʽ or 02BF ʿ•used in some Polynesian orthographies for glottal stop•Hawaiʻian: ʻokina•Tongan: fakauʻa→0312 ◌̒ combining turned comma above→07F5 ߵ nko low tone apostrophe→2018 ‘ left single quotation markU+02BBMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʼʼʼ=apostrophe•glottal stop, glottalization, ejective•many languages use this as a letter of their alphabets•used as a tone marker in Bodo, Dogri, and Maithili•2019 ’ is the preferred character for a punctuation apostrophe→0027 ' apostrophe→0313 ◌̓ combining comma above→0315 ◌̕ combining comma above right→055A ՚ armenian apostrophe→07F4 ߴ nko high tone apostrophe→1FBF ᾿ greek psili→2019 ’ right single quotation markU+02BCMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʽʽʽ•weak aspiration→0314 ◌̔ combining reversed comma above→0559 ՙ armenian modifier letter left half ring→1FFE ῾ greek dasia→201B ‛ single high-reversed-9 quotation markU+02BDMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʾʾʾ•transliteration of Arabic hamza (glottal stop)•transliteration of Hebrew alef→055A ՚ armenian apostrophe→05D0 א hebrew letter alef→0621 ء arabic letter hamzaU+02BEMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ʿʿʿ•transliteration of Arabic ain (voiced pharyngeal fricative)•transliteration of Hebrew ayin→0559 ՙ armenian modifier letter left half ring→05E2 ע hebrew letter ayin→0639 ع arabic letter ainU+02BFMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˀˀˀ•ejective or glottalized•typographical alternate for 02BC ʼ or 02BE ʾ→0294 ʔ latin letter glottal stop→0309 ◌̉ combining hook aboveU+02C0Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˁˁˁ•typographical alternate for 02BF ʿ→0295 ʕ latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricativeU+02C1Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˂˂˂•fronted articulationU+02C2Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˃˃˃•backed articulationU+02C3Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˄˄˄•raised articulation→005E ^ circumflex accent→2303 ⌃ up arrowheadU+02C4Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˅˅˅•lowered articulationU+02C5Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˆˆˆ•rising-falling tone, falling tone, secondary stress, etc.→005E ^ circumflex accent→0302 ◌̂ combining circumflex accent→A788 ꞈ modifier letter low circumflex accentU+02C6Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˇˇˇ=hacek•falling-rising tone•Mandarin Chinese third tone→030C ◌̌ combining caronU+02C7Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˈˈˈ•primary stress, downstep•precedes letter or syllable modified→0027 ' apostrophe→030D ◌̍ combining vertical line aboveU+02C8Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˉˉˉ•high level tone•precedes or follows letter or syllable modified•Mandarin Chinese first tone→00AF ¯ macron→0304 ◌̄ combining macronU+02C9Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˊˊˊ•high-rising tone (IPA), high tone, primary stress•Mandarin Chinese second tone→00B4 ´ acute accent→02B9 ʹ modifier letter prime→0301 ◌́ combining acute accent→0374 ʹ greek numeral sign→055B ՛ armenian emphasis markU+02CAMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˋˋˋ•high-falling tone (IPA), low tone, secondary or tertiary stress•Mandarin Chinese fourth tone→0060 ` grave accent→0300 ◌̀ combining grave accent→055D ՝ armenian commaU+02CBMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˌˌˌ•secondary stress•precedes letter or syllable modified→0329 ◌̩ combining vertical line belowU+02CCMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˍˍˍ•low level tone→005F _ low line→0331 ◌̱ combining macron belowU+02CDMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˎˎˎ•low-falling toneU+02CEMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˏˏˏ•low-rising tone→0375 ͵ greek lower numeral signU+02CFMiscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ːːː•length mark→003A : colonU+02D0Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˑˑˑ•half-length mark→00B7 · middle dotU+02D1Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˒˒˒•more rounded articulationU+02D2Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˓˓˓•less rounded articulationU+02D3Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˔˔˔•vowel raising or closing→031D ◌̝ combining up tack below→0323 ◌̣ combining dot belowU+02D4Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˕˕˕•vowel lowering or opening→031C ◌̜ combining left half ring below→031E ◌̞ combining down tack belowU+02D5Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˖˖˖•advanced or fronted articulation→031F ◌̟ combining plus sign belowU+02D6Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˗˗˗•retracted or backed articulation•glyph may have small end-serifs→0320 ◌̠ combining minus sign below→2212 − minus signU+02D7Miscellaneous Phonetic Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˘˘˘→0306 ◌̆ combining breve≈0020 ␣ 0306 ◌̆U+02D8Spacing Clones of Diacriticslast updated 06 Jul 2019˙˙˙•Mandarin Chinese fifth tone (light or neutral)→0307 ◌̇ combining dot above≈0020 ␣ 0307 ◌̇U+02D9Spacing Clones of Diacriticslast updated 06 Jul 2019˚˚˚→00B0 ° degree sign→030A ◌̊ combining ring above≈0020 ␣ 030A ◌̊U+02DASpacing Clones of Diacriticslast updated 06 Jul 2019˛˛˛→0328 ◌̨ combining ogonek≈0020 ␣ 0328 ◌̨U+02DBSpacing Clones of Diacriticslast updated 06 Jul 2019˜˜˜→007E ~ tilde→0303 ◌̃ combining tilde→223C ∼ tilde operator≈0020 ␣ 0303 ◌̃U+02DCSpacing Clones of Diacriticslast updated 06 Jul 2019˝˝˝→030B ◌̋ combining double acute accent≈0020 ␣ 030B ◌̋U+02DDSpacing Clones of Diacriticslast updated 06 Jul 2019˞˞˞•rhotacization in vowel•often ligated: 025A ɚ = 0259 ə + 02DE ˞; 025D ɝ = 025C ɜ + 02DE ˞U+02DEAdditions Based on 1989 IPAlast updated 06 Jul 2019˟˟˟•Swedish grave accentU+02DFAdditions Based on 1989 IPAlast updated 06 Jul 2019ˠˠˠ•these modifier letters are occasionally used in transcription of affricates≈<super> 0263 ɣU+02E0Additions Based on 1989 IPAlast updated 06 Jul 2019ˡˡˡ≈<super> 006C lU+02E1Additions Based on 1989 IPAlast updated 06 Jul 2019ˢˢˢ≈<super> 0073 sU+02E2Additions Based on 1989 IPAlast updated 06 Jul 2019ˣˣˣ≈<super> 0078 xU+02E3Additions Based on 1989 IPAlast updated 06 Jul 2019ˤˤˤ≈<super> 0295 ʕU+02E4Additions Based on 1989 IPAlast updated 06 Jul 2019˥˥˥ U+02E5Tone Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019˦˦˦ U+02E6Tone Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019˧˧˧ U+02E7Tone Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019˨˨˨ U+02E8Tone Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019˩˩˩ U+02E9Tone Letterslast updated 06 Jul 2019˪˪˪ U+02EAExtended Bopomofo Tone Markslast updated 06 Jul 2019˫˫˫ U+02EBExtended Bopomofo Tone Markslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˬˬˬ U+02ECIPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˭˭˭ U+02EDIPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019ˮˮˮ•NenetsU+02EEOther Modifier Letterlast updated 06 Jul 2019˯˯˯ U+02EFUPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˰˰˰ U+02F0UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˱˱˱ U+02F1UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˲˲˲ U+02F2UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˳˳˳→0325 ◌̥ combining ring belowU+02F3UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˴˴˴ U+02F4UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˵˵˵ U+02F5UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˶˶˶ U+02F6UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˷˷˷ U+02F7UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˸˸˸ U+02F8UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˹˹˹ U+02F9UPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˺˺˺ U+02FAUPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˻˻˻ U+02FBUPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˼˼˼ U+02FCUPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˽˽˽ U+02FDUPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˾˾˾ U+02FEUPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019˿˿˿ U+02FFUPA Modifierslast updated 06 Jul 2019
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ID: 190800022 Last Updated: 8/22/2019 Revision: 0
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