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File System
 FileSystemInfo Class
  Constructors
  Fields
  Properties
  Methods
  Security
  Remarks
  Applies to
  See also
 DirectoryInfo Class
  Constructors
  Properties
  Methods
  Fields
  Extension Methods
  Remarks
  Applies to
  See also
 FileInfo Class
  Constructors
  Properties
  Methods
  Fields
  Extension Methods
  Remarks
  Applies to
  See also
 Examples
 Source/Reference

File System

The main components used in .NET framework to access the file system are DriveInfo, DriveType, FileSystemInfo, DirectoryInfoFileInfo , and Directory, File,

FileSystemInfo Class

Provides the base class for both FileInfo and DirectoryInfo objects.

NamespaceSystem.IO AssembliesSystem.IO.FileSystem.dll, mscorlib.dll, netstandard.dll
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
[System.Serializable]
public abstract class FileSystemInfo : MarshalByRefObject, 
System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable

Inheritance: Object-> MarshalByRefObject-> FileSystemInfo

Derived DirectoryInfo, FileInfo

Attributes: ComVisibleAttribute SerializableAttribute

Implements: ISerializable

Constructors

FileSystemInfo()

Initializes a new instance of the FileSystemInfo class.

FileSystemInfo(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)

Initializes a new instance of the FileSystemInfo class with serialized data.

Fields

FullPath

Represents the fully qualified path of the directory or file.

OriginalPath

The path originally specified by the user, whether relative or absolute.

Properties

Attributes

Gets or sets the attributes for the current file or directory.

CreationTime

Gets or sets the creation time of the current file or directory.

CreationTimeUtc

Gets or sets the creation time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), of the current file or directory.

Exists

Gets a value indicating whether the file or directory exists.

Extension

Gets the string representing the extension part of the file.

FullName

Gets the full path of the directory or file.

LastAccessTime

Gets or sets the time the current file or directory was last accessed.

LastAccessTimeUtc

Gets or sets the time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), that the current file or directory was last accessed.

LastWriteTime

Gets or sets the time when the current file or directory was last written to.

LastWriteTimeUtc

Gets or sets the time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), when the current file or directory was last written to.

Name

For files, gets the name of the file. For directories, gets the name of the last directory in the hierarchy if a hierarchy exists. Otherwise, the Name property gets the name of the directory.

Methods

CreateObjRef(Type)

Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
Delete()

Deletes a file or directory.

Equals(Object)

Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.

(Inherited from Object)
GetHashCode()

Serves as the default hash function.

(Inherited from Object)
GetLifetimeService()

Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
GetObjectData(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)

Sets the SerializationInfo object with the file name and additional exception information.

GetType()

Gets the Type of the current instance.

(Inherited from Object)
InitializeLifetimeService()

Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
MemberwiseClone()

Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

(Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone(Boolean)

Creates a shallow copy of the current MarshalByRefObject object.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
Refresh()

Refreshes the state of the object.

Security

FileIOPermission
for permission to inherit from this class. Associated enumeration: Unrestricted Security Action: Inheritance Demand

Remarks

The FileSystemInfo class contains methods that are common to file and directory manipulation. A FileSystemInfo object can represent either a file or a directory, thus serving as the basis for FileInfo or DirectoryInfo objects. Use this base class when parsing a lot of files and directories.

A derived class can inherit from FileSystemInfo only if the derived class has the AllAccess permission from the FileIOPermissionAccess enumeration.

In members that accept a path, the path can refer to a file or just a directory. The specified path can also refer to a relative path or a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path for a server and share name. For example, all the following are acceptable paths:

  • "c:\\MyDir\\MyFile.txt" in C#, or "c:\MyDir\MyFile.txt" in Visual Basic.

  • "c:\\MyDir" in C#, or "c:\MyDir" in Visual Basic.

  • "MyDir\\MySubdir" in C#, or "MyDir\MySubDir" in Visual Basic.

  • "\\\\MyServer\\MyShare" in C#, or "\\MyServer\MyShare" in Visual Basic.

For a list of common I/O tasks, see Common I/O Tasks.

Applies to

.NET Framework: 4.8, 4.7.2, 4.7.1, 4.7, 4.6.2, 4.6.1, 4.6, 4.5.2, 4.5.1, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1

See also

DirectoryInfo Class

Exposes instance methods for creating, moving, and enumerating through directories and subdirectories. This class cannot be inherited.

NamespaceSystem.IO AssembliesSystem.IO.FileSystem.dll, mscorlib.dll, netstandard.dll
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
[System.Serializable]
public sealed class DirectoryInfo : System.IO.FileSystemInfo

Inheritance: Object-> MarshalByRefObject-> FileSystemInfo-> DirectoryInfo

Attributes: ComVisibleAttribute SerializableAttribute

Constructors

DirectoryInfo(String)

Initializes a new instance of the DirectoryInfo class on the specified path.

Properties

Attributes

Gets or sets the attributes for the current file or directory.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
CreationTime

Gets or sets the creation time of the current file or directory.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
CreationTimeUtc

Gets or sets the creation time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), of the current file or directory.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
Exists

Gets a value indicating whether the directory exists.

Extension

Gets the string representing the extension part of the file.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
FullName

Gets the full path of the directory.

LastAccessTime

Gets or sets the time the current file or directory was last accessed.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
LastAccessTimeUtc

Gets or sets the time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), that the current file or directory was last accessed.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
LastWriteTime

Gets or sets the time when the current file or directory was last written to.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
LastWriteTimeUtc

Gets or sets the time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), when the current file or directory was last written to.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
Name

Gets the name of this DirectoryInfo instance.

Parent

Gets the parent directory of a specified subdirectory.

Root

Gets the root portion of the directory.

Methods

Create()

Creates a directory.

Create(DirectorySecurity)

Creates a directory using a DirectorySecurity object.

CreateObjRef(Type)

Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
CreateSubdirectory(String)

Creates a subdirectory or subdirectories on the specified path. The specified path can be relative to this instance of the DirectoryInfo class.

CreateSubdirectory(String, DirectorySecurity)

Creates a subdirectory or subdirectories on the specified path with the specified security. The specified path can be relative to this instance of the DirectoryInfo class.

Delete()

Deletes this DirectoryInfo if it is empty.

Delete(Boolean)

Deletes this instance of a DirectoryInfo, specifying whether to delete subdirectories and files.

EnumerateDirectories()

Returns an enumerable collection of directory information in the current directory.

EnumerateDirectories(String)

Returns an enumerable collection of directory information that matches a specified search pattern.

EnumerateDirectories(String, SearchOption)

Returns an enumerable collection of directory information that matches a specified search pattern and search subdirectory option.

EnumerateFiles()

Returns an enumerable collection of file information in the current directory.

EnumerateFiles(String)

Returns an enumerable collection of file information that matches a search pattern.

EnumerateFiles(String, SearchOption)

Returns an enumerable collection of file information that matches a specified search pattern and search subdirectory option.

EnumerateFileSystemInfos()

Returns an enumerable collection of file system information in the current directory.

EnumerateFileSystemInfos(String)

Returns an enumerable collection of file system information that matches a specified search pattern.

EnumerateFileSystemInfos(String, SearchOption)

Returns an enumerable collection of file system information that matches a specified search pattern and search subdirectory option.

Equals(Object)

Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.

(Inherited from Object)
GetAccessControl()

Gets a DirectorySecurity object that encapsulates the access control list (ACL) entries for the directory described by the current DirectoryInfo object.

GetAccessControl(AccessControlSections)

Gets a DirectorySecurity object that encapsulates the specified type of access control list (ACL) entries for the directory described by the current DirectoryInfo object.

GetDirectories()

Returns the subdirectories of the current directory.

GetDirectories(String)

Returns an array of directories in the current DirectoryInfo matching the given search criteria.

GetDirectories(String, SearchOption)

Returns an array of directories in the current DirectoryInfo matching the given search criteria and using a value to determine whether to search subdirectories.

GetFiles()

Returns a file list from the current directory.

GetFiles(String)

Returns a file list from the current directory matching the given search pattern.

GetFiles(String, SearchOption)

Returns a file list from the current directory matching the given search pattern and using a value to determine whether to search subdirectories.

GetFileSystemInfos()

Returns an array of strongly typed FileSystemInfo entries representing all the files and subdirectories in a directory.

GetFileSystemInfos(String)

Retrieves an array of strongly typed FileSystemInfo objects representing the files and subdirectories that match the specified search criteria.

GetFileSystemInfos(String, SearchOption)

Retrieves an array of FileSystemInfo objects that represent the files and subdirectories matching the specified search criteria.

GetHashCode()

Serves as the default hash function.

(Inherited from Object)
GetLifetimeService()

Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
GetObjectData(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)

Sets the SerializationInfo object with the file name and additional exception information.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
GetType()

Gets the Type of the current instance.

(Inherited from Object)
InitializeLifetimeService()

Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
MemberwiseClone()

Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

(Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone(Boolean)

Creates a shallow copy of the current MarshalByRefObject object.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
MoveTo(String)

Moves a DirectoryInfo instance and its contents to a new path.

Refresh()

Refreshes the state of the object.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
SetAccessControl(DirectorySecurity)

Applies access control list (ACL) entries described by a DirectorySecurity object to the directory described by the current DirectoryInfo object.

ToString()

Returns the original path that was passed by the user.

Fields

FullPath

Represents the fully qualified path of the directory or file.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
OriginalPath

The path originally specified by the user, whether relative or absolute.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)

Extension Methods

Remarks

  • Use the DirectoryInfo class for typical operations such as copying, moving, renaming, creating, and deleting directories.

  • If you are going to reuse an object several times, consider using the instance method of DirectoryInfo instead of the corresponding static methods of the Directory class, because a security check will not always be necessary.
  • In members that accept a path as an input string, that path must be well-formed or an exception is raised. For example, if a path is fully qualified but begins with a space, the path is not trimmed in methods of the class. Therefore, the path is malformed and an exception is raised. Similarly, a path or a combination of paths cannot be fully qualified twice. For example, "c:\temp c:\windows" also raises an exception in most cases. Ensure that your paths are well-formed when using methods that accept a path string.
  • In members that accept a path, the path can refer to a file or just a directory. The specified path can also refer to a relative path or a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path for a server and share name. For example, all the following are acceptable paths:
    • "c:\\MyDir\\MyFile.txt" in C#, or "c:\MyDir\MyFile.txt" in Visual Basic.

    • "c:\\MyDir" in C#, or "c:\MyDir" in Visual Basic.

    • "MyDir\\MySubdir" in C#, or "MyDir\MySubDir" in Visual Basic.

    • "\\\\MyServer\\MyShare" in C#, or "\\MyServer\MyShare" in Visual Basic.

  • By default, full read/write access to new directories is granted to all users.
  • For a list of common I/O tasks, see Common I/O Tasks.

Applies to

.NET Framework: 4.8, 4.7.2, 4.7.1, 4.7, 4.6.2, 4.6.1, 4.6, 4.5.2, 4.5.1, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1

See also

FileInfo Class

Provides properties and instance methods for the creation, copying, deletion, moving, and opening of files, and aids in the creation of FileStream objects. This class cannot be inherited.

NamespaceSystem.IO AssembliesSystem.IO.FileSystem.dll, mscorlib.dll, netstandard.dll
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
[System.Serializable]
public sealed class FileInfo : System.IO.FileSystemInfo

Inheritance: Object->MarshalByRefObject->FileSystemInfo->FileInfo

Attributes: ComVisibleAttribute, SerializableAttribute

Constructors

FileInfo(String)

Initializes a new instance of the FileInfo class, which acts as a wrapper for a file path.

Properties

Attributes

Gets or sets the attributes for the current file or directory.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
CreationTime

Gets or sets the creation time of the current file or directory.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
CreationTimeUtc

Gets or sets the creation time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), of the current file or directory.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
Directory

Gets an instance of the parent directory.

DirectoryName

Gets a string representing the directory's full path.

Exists

Gets a value indicating whether a file exists.

Extension

Gets the string representing the extension part of the file.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
FullName

Gets the full path of the directory or file.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
IsReadOnly

Gets or sets a value that determines if the current file is read only.

LastAccessTime

Gets or sets the time the current file or directory was last accessed.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
LastAccessTimeUtc

Gets or sets the time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), that the current file or directory was last accessed.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
LastWriteTime

Gets or sets the time when the current file or directory was last written to.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
LastWriteTimeUtc

Gets or sets the time, in coordinated universal time (UTC), when the current file or directory was last written to.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
Length

Gets the size, in bytes, of the current file.

Name

Gets the name of the file.

Methods

AppendText()

Creates a StreamWriter that appends text to the file represented by this instance of the FileInfo.

CopyTo(String)

Copies an existing file to a new file, disallowing the overwriting of an existing file.

CopyTo(String, Boolean)

Copies an existing file to a new file, allowing the overwriting of an existing file.

Create()

Creates a file.

CreateObjRef(Type)

Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
CreateText()

Creates a StreamWriter that writes a new text file.

Decrypt()

Decrypts a file that was encrypted by the current account using the Encrypt() method.

Delete()

Permanently deletes a file.

Encrypt()

Encrypts a file so that only the account used to encrypt the file can decrypt it.

Equals(Object)

Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.

(Inherited from Object)
GetAccessControl()

Gets a FileSecurity object that encapsulates the access control list (ACL) entries for the file described by the current FileInfo object.

GetAccessControl(AccessControlSections)

Gets a FileSecurity object that encapsulates the specified type of access control list (ACL) entries for the file described by the current FileInfo object.

GetHashCode()

Serves as the default hash function.

(Inherited from Object)
GetLifetimeService()

Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
GetObjectData(SerializationInfo, StreamingContext)

Sets the SerializationInfo object with the file name and additional exception information.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
GetType()

Gets the Type of the current instance.

(Inherited from Object)
InitializeLifetimeService()

Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
MemberwiseClone()

Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.

(Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone(Boolean)

Creates a shallow copy of the current MarshalByRefObject object.

(Inherited from MarshalByRefObject)
MoveTo(String)

Moves a specified file to a new location, providing the option to specify a new file name.

Open(FileMode)

Opens a file in the specified mode.

Open(FileMode, FileAccess)

Opens a file in the specified mode with read, write, or read/write access.

Open(FileMode, FileAccess, FileShare)

Opens a file in the specified mode with read, write, or read/write access and the specified sharing option.

OpenRead()

Creates a read-only FileStream.

OpenText()

Creates a StreamReader with UTF8 encoding that reads from an existing text file.

OpenWrite()

Creates a write-only FileStream.

Refresh()

Refreshes the state of the object.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
Replace(String, String)

Replaces the contents of a specified file with the file described by the current FileInfo object, deleting the original file, and creating a backup of the replaced file.

Replace(String, String, Boolean)

Replaces the contents of a specified file with the file described by the current FileInfo object, deleting the original file, and creating a backup of the replaced file. Also specifies whether to ignore merge errors.

SetAccessControl(FileSecurity)

Applies access control list (ACL) entries described by a FileSecurity object to the file described by the current FileInfo object.

ToString()

Returns the path as a string.

Fields

FullPath

Represents the fully qualified path of the directory or file.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)
OriginalPath

The path originally specified by the user, whether relative or absolute.

(Inherited from FileSystemInfo)

Extension Methods

Remarks

Use the FileInfo class for typical operations such as copying, moving, renaming, creating, opening, deleting, and appending to files.

If you are performing multiple operations on the same file, it can be more efficient to use FileInfo instance methods instead of the corresponding static methods of the File class, because a security check will not always be necessary.

Many of the FileInfo methods return other I/O types when you create or open files. You can use these other types to further manipulate a file. For more information, see specific FileInfo members such as Open, OpenRead, OpenText, CreateText, or Create.

By default, full read/write access to new files is granted to all users.

The following table describes the enumerations that are used to customize the behavior of various FileInfo methods.

Enumeration Description
FileAccess Specifies read and write access to a file.
FileShare Specifies the level of access permitted for a file that is already in use.
FileMode Specifies whether the contents of an existing file are preserved or overwritten, and whether requests to create an existing file cause an exception.

Note

In members that accept a path as an input string, that path must be well-formed or an exception is raised. For example, if a path is fully qualified but begins with a space, the path is not trimmed in methods of the class. Therefore, the path is malformed and an exception is raised. Similarly, a path or a combination of paths cannot be fully qualified twice. For example, "c:\temp c:\windows" also raises an exception in most cases. Ensure that your paths are well-formed when using methods that accept a path string.

In members that accept a path, the path can refer to a file or just a directory. The specified path can also refer to a relative path or a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path for a server and share name. For example, all the following are acceptable paths:

  • "c:\\MyDir\\MyFile.txt" in C#, or "c:\MyDir\MyFile.txt" in Visual Basic.

  • "c:\\MyDir" in C#, or "c:\MyDir" in Visual Basic.

  • "MyDir\\MySubdir" in C#, or "MyDir\MySubDir" in Visual Basic.

  • "\\\\MyServer\\MyShare" in C#, or "\\MyServer\MyShare" in Visual Basic.

The FileInfo class provides the following properties that enable you to retrieve information about a file. For an example of how to use each property, see the property pages.

  • The Directory property retrieves an object that represents the parent directory of a file.

  • The DirectoryName property retrieves the full path of the parent directory of a file.

  • The Exists property checks for the presence of a file before operating on it.

  • The IsReadOnly property retrieves or sets a value that specifies whether a file can be modified.

  • The Length retrieves the size of a file.

  • The Name retrieves the name of a file.

Applies to

.NET Framework: 4.8, 4.7.2, 4.7.1, 4.7, 4.6.2, 4.6.1, 4.6, 4.5.2, 4.5.1, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1

See also

Examples

Examples of DirectoryInfo, and FileInfo Classes
ASP.NET Code Input:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
    <head>
       <title>Sample Page</title>
       <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
       <script runat="server" >
           Sub Page_Load()
               Dim xdir, xdir1 As System.IO.DirectoryInfo
               Dim xdirs As System.IO.Directoryinfo()
               Dim xfile As System.IO.FileInfo
               Dim xfiles As System.IO.Fileinfo()
               Dim xdrivestr As String = ""
               xdir = New System.IO.Directoryinfo("T:\")
               Dim xi As Integer = 0
               xdrivestr = xdrivestr & xdir.FullName & "<br />"
               xdirs = xdir.GetDirectories()
               For Each xdir1 in xdirs
                   xdrivestr = xdrivestr & xdir1.FullName & "<br />"
               Next
               xfiles = xdir.GetFiles()
               For Each xfile in xfiles
                   xdrivestr = xdrivestr & xfile.FullName & "<br />"
               Next
               lbl01.Text = xdrivestr
           End Sub
       </script>
    </head>
    <body>
<%Response.Write("<p>Results on "& Request.ServerVariables("SERVER_SOFTWARE") & " .net: " & System.Environment.Version.ToString & " " & ScriptEngine & " Version " & ScriptEngineMajorVersion & "." & ScriptEngineMinorVersion & "</p>")%>
       <% Response.Write ("<h1>This is a Sample Page of DirectoryInfo, and FileInfo Classes</h1>") %>
       <p>
           <%-- Set on Page_Load --%>
           <asp:Label id="lbl01" runat="server" />
       </p>
    </body>
</html>
HTML Web Page Embedded Output:

Source/Reference


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ID: 200700003 Last Updated: 7/3/2020 Revision: 0 Ref:

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References

  1. Active Server Pages,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa286483.aspx
  2. ASP Overview,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524929%28v=vs.90%29.aspx
  3. ASP Best Practices,  , http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc939157.aspx
  4. ASP Built-in Objects,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/ms524716(v=vs.90).aspx
  5. Response Object,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms525405(v=vs.90).aspx
  6. Request Object,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524948(v=vs.90).aspx
  7. Server Object (IIS),  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms525541(v=vs.90).aspx
  8. Application Object (IIS),  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms525360(v=vs.90).aspx
  9. Session Object (IIS),  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524319(8v=vs.90).aspx
  10. ASPError Object,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524942(v=vs.90).aspx
  11. ObjectContext Object (IIS),  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms525667(v=vs.90).aspx
  12. Debugging Global.asa Files,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa291249(v=vs.71).aspx
  13. How to: Debug Global.asa files,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms241868(v=vs.80).aspx
  14. Calling COM Components from ASP Pages,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524620(v=VS.90).aspx
  15. IIS ASP Scripting Reference,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524664(v=vs.90).aspx
  16. ASP Keywords,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524672(v=vs.90).aspx
  17. Creating Simple ASP Pages,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524741(v=vs.90).aspx
  18. Including Files in ASP Applications,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524876(v=vs.90).aspx
  19. ASP Overview,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms524929(v=vs.90).aspx
  20. FileSystemObject Object,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z9ty6h50(v=vs.84).aspx
  21. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms675944(v=vs.85).aspx,  , ADO Object Model
  22. ADO Fundamentals,  , http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680928(v=vs.85).aspx
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